Clinical Manifestations of Sulfonamide Drug Poisoning in Dogs and Cats

2024-09-18 | Hit：

Sulfonamide drug poisoning occurs in dogs and cats who receive a large single dose or long-term continuous use of this class of drugs, have overly rapid intravenous infusion speed, or are allergic to these drugs. There are numerous types of sulfonamide drugs with a broad antibacterial spectrum, and they are all bacteriostatic agents.

Acute poisoning is more likely when sulfonamide sodium salts are administered intravenously too quickly or in excessive doses. The main manifestations are neurological symptoms such as excitement, hypersensitivity, ataxia, muscle weakness, convulsions, paralysis, reduced appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, and coma. In severe cases, death can occur rapidly.

For chronic poisoning, which is seen when the dose is relatively large or continuous medication is used for more than one week, the main manifestations include oliguria, anuria, crystalluria, proteinuria, and hematuria; decreased appetite, constipation, vomiting, diarrhea, intermittent abdominal pain; bleeding of visible mucosa, anemia, significantly prolonged blood clotting time, decreased red blood cells, granulocytopenia, reduced hemoglobin, and inflammation, swelling, suppuration, and necrosis at the injection site.

Treatment Regimen for Sulfonamide Drug Poisoning in Dogs and Cats

Clinical symptoms of sulfonamide drug poisoning in dogs and cats

Recommendations from Dr. Pet Oxygen:

If a pet shows symptoms of sulfonamide drug poisoning, let the pet drink a large quantity of clean water and take a small amount of baking soda if appropriate. If the symptoms do not improve, take the pet to a pet hospital immediately.
During treatment, it is necessary to ensure the excretion of urine volume of the pet to prevent the accumulation of drugs in the body. Furosemide tablets (Pu'an Te) can be taken for diuresis at a dose of 3-4 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.
Oral administration of pet electrolyte concentrated solution (Pu'an Te) to supplement electrolytes and accelerate the recovery of the pet's physical functions. Free oral administration for 2-5 days.
Consult a doctor about other drugs to replace sulfonamide drugs for treating diseases.

Treatment Plan for Sulfonamide Drug Poisoning in Dogs and Cats

Immediately discontinue the use of sulfonamide drugs. The principles are to promote the excretion of toxins and provide symptomatic treatment.

For those who take sulfonamide drugs orally, gastric lavage can be performed as early as possible.

Fluid replacement. Provide sufficient drinking water and intravenously infuse compound sodium chloride solution and 5% glucose solution.
Alkalinize urine. To promote the excretion of drugs from urine, 5% sodium bicarbonate can be intravenously infused or sodium bicarbonate can be taken orally.
Reduce hemolysis. Intravenous infusion of hypertonic glucose solution, vitamin C, and 1% methylene blue solution (dosage is 5-10 milligrams per kilogram of body weight).

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